Security

What is the Purdue Reference Model? The Purdue Reference Model is part of the PERA methodology (Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture) designed in the 1990s. It is a reference model for automation and industrial networks. The reference model provides useful help in protecting operational technology (OT) from cyber threats. The model can be used to structure … Read more

What is a Neural network? An artificial neural network is inspired by the biological neural network. It abstracts how it works in a mathematical model and consists of interconnected neurons. With artificial neural networks, various tasks can be solved computer-based. An artificial neural network can be trained and learns independently. Artificial neural networks are a … Read more

What is an API? APIs, or Application Programming Interfaces, are fundamental components of the technology landscape that facilitate communication between different software applications. They play a crucial role in enabling the integration of various systems and services, driving the interconnected digital world we live in today. This article will explore what APIs are, their importance … Read more

What are microservices? Microservices are small, independent services that each provide a specific functionality for an application. In their entirety, they form the application including its application logic. A microservice-based application is an alternative to a monolithic application. Microservices are an indispensable element of cloud-native applications. They are often used in conjunction with container technology … Read more

What is Log4Shell (Log4j vulnerability)? Log4Shell is the name of a zero-day vulnerability that became known at the end of 2021. It is based on an injection vulnerability in the Log4j Java logging framework used for many services and products. The BSI classified the risk caused by the security gap with the highest possible value. … Read more

What is LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)? With the Link Aggregation Control Protocol, several physical connections can be bundled on the link layer and combined into a logical Link Aggregation Group (LAG). LACP takes care of the dynamic configuration of the logical connection. Compared to the operation of individual links, the usable bandwidth increases. In … Read more

What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)? Natural Language Processing deals with the theoretical foundations and practical methods and techniques for processing natural language in spoken form or text form using computers. NLP includes the two sub-areas Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). Numerous applications such as machine translations, chatbots, digital assistants and … Read more

What is the MITER Att&ck Framework? The MITER Att&ck Framework provides information on cybercrime tactics, techniques and procedures. It is a publicly available cyber attack knowledge base. The framework helps to understand the various existing attack models better and to improve existing IT security strategies. MITER Corporation, a US non-profit corporation maintains and publishes the … Read more

The free tool Winaero Tweaker can be used to adjust many hidden Windows settings. For this purpose, the program shows the places in the system that are changed and also which changes are made. In this tool tip, we show the many possibilities of this practical free tool. What is Winaero Tweaker? Winaero Tweaker is … Read more

Data Poisoning is a critical and growing concern in the realm of data security and integrity. This phenomenon has gained prominence due to its potential to undermine the trustworthiness of data, leading to significant consequences in various fields, including cybersecurity, machine learning, and data-driven decision-making processes. This article will define data poisoning, highlight the importance … Read more

What is a Data protection impact assessment? The data protection impact assessment, or DSIA for short, is an important installation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It is intended to ensure the protection of personal data in data-processing bodies through a risk analysis to be carried out in advance. The consequences of processing operations … Read more

How does captcha work? Many IT security measures are not developed or deployed until you encounter a concrete problem. It was the same with Captcha. This security query was developed to put a stop to spam and the unwanted use of web services by automated bots and to clearly distinguish humans from machines. But as … Read more

What is TEE(Trusted Execution Environment)? A Trusted Execution Environment creates an isolated environment, sealed off from other applications and data, for the protected execution of applications or the storage of data that requires protection. The environment can be implemented on the main processor, a dedicated processor, or a special chip. Common application areas are smartphones. … Read more

What is biometrics? Biometrics refers to the science of measuring and analyzing biological characteristics. Today, biometric procedures are used to identify or verify persons. Biometric procedures are, for example, fingerprint or face recognition. What is biometrics? Biometrics refers to the measurement and statistical analysis of people’s unique physical and behavioral characteristics. These characteristics are used … Read more

What is a Zero-Day Exploit? A zero-day exploit is a special form of exploit, i.e. the exploitation of a vulnerability where no patch exists yet for a discovered security hole. Such an exploit can be used for very dangerous because undetected, zero-day attacks that spread, for example, rootkits, remote access Trojans (RATs), or other malware. … Read more

What is Shodan? Shodan is used to find devices and systems that are permanently connected to the Internet. Shodan is also called a search engine for the Internet of Things (IoT). It searches the Internet for open TCP/IP ports and allows to filter the found systems according to certain terms and criteria. The search engine … Read more

What is Maltego? Maltego is an analysis software that allows searching and linking information on the Internet. The data mining tool visually displays the information found using directed graphs and allows further analysis. Sources for searching information include websites, social networks, search engines, or publicly available databases. Maltego is a powerful and versatile Open Source … Read more

What is Ransomware? Ransomware is malware that blocks the use of computers or data and demands a ransom for release. Methods such as file encryption are used. Well-known examples of this type of malware are CryptoLocker, WannaCry, or Locky. The term ransomware is derived from the English word “ransom”. It means ransomware. Ransomware is extortionate … Read more